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Pope Joan (card game)
Pope Joan, a once popular Victorian family game, is an 18th-century English round game of cards for three to eight players derived from the French game of Matrimony and Comete,〔Diagram Group ''The Little Giant Encyclopedia of Card Games'' pg. 130 Sterling (1995) ISBN 0-8069-1330-4〕 and ancestor to its less elaborate relative Newmarket and Spinado.〔David Parlett, Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, pg. 221-222 Oxford University Press (1996) ISBN 0-19-869173-4〕
Although its first published rules have appeared in Hoyle's Games edition of 1814, the earlier reference to the game Pope Joan, originally called Pope Julius,〔George Henry Townsend (''A manual of dates: A Dictionary of Reference'' ) Frederick Warne & Co. London (1867)〕 comes from ''The Oxford English Dictionary'' in 1732.
==Etymology==
The game was presumably named after Pope Julius II, the Warrior Pope, or it probably derives from the legend that Pope John VIII was actually a woman. As the Catholic Church denies a female pope, the legend was used as Protestant propaganda in the Victorian-Era, which also explains the popularity of the game in Scotland. The 9 is sometimes called the Curse of Scotland.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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